Lasik is a procedure done on cornea( transparent part of the eye) to correct your refractive errors
Sufficient corneal thickness and appropriate corneal topography,in case you have a problem with them your doctor will suggest you regarding the alternative procedures for having glasses free vision
LASIK is 99% safe procedure and has a very minimal risk of complications of which most are moderately manageable.
No, the procedure will be done under topical anesthesia.
You may have mild burning sensation and dryness and see glares for a couple of weeks but this will subside eventually and you will have normal vision.
Use protective wear and drops as suggested by your for a couple of weeks and avoid direct sunlight for atleast 1 week.
May be yes for distance vision till you are above 55 years and partly no because as your age advances over 40 years you may need to start using glasses for near work because of presbyopia.